Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Combining the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine with naloxone rescues fentanyl-induced physiologic dysfunction and increases survival

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.07.687263

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , Animals were prepared for measurement of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and VC function. Baseline recordings occurred for 30 seconds (last 15 seconds used for all analyses), followed by a 10 second infusion of IV morphine, fentanyl, or saline. For animals in which drug-induced VC closure was sustained (top), the recording session ended 120 seconds after the beginning of IV infusion. For animals in which VC function was maintained or restored (bottom), the recording session continued for 900 seconds after the beginning of the infusion. B , Video laryngeal endoscopy demonstrates VC movement during the normal respiratory cycle and sustained fentanyl-induced VC closure (FIVCC). C , Electroglottogram tracings starting from −15 seconds pre-fentanyl treatment through 75 seconds post-fentanyl treatment showing sustained (top) and transient (bottom) VCC with VC recovery. Oscillations represent the opening and closing of the glottis as seen in panel B .

Article Snippet: Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored via the piezo pressure catheter, recorded (PowerLab 8/35, ADInstruments – North America, CO; 1000 Hz sample rate), and analyzed (LabChart Pro.

Techniques: Saline